These salts when neutralised by acids form normal salts. Bases produce hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions b. O2 strong bases nh 2very weak nonhydrolyzing bases or spectators these are the top 5 not 6 bases on the right. Acid base chemistry massachusetts institute of technology. We begin our study of acids and bases where we left off in chapter 5, with the arrhenius acid and base definitions. In studying acids and bases we are going to see that water can also participate in chemical reactions 2. Some acids can eat away metal, some can cause serious skin burns, and others are harmless. A bronstedlowry base is defined as a substance that can accept a proton. However it is possible to quantify this concept based on klopmans fmo. In chemistry, and particularly biochemistry, water is the most common solvent 1. Always upgrade to the latest version of flash and quicktime before running these media files for the first time on any computer. I then randomly call on students to provide answers for the reading questions. Strongweak acidsbases 17 questions by raeraeblue last updated.
Discuss the general properties of bronsted acids and bases by identifying bronstedlowry acids and bases. The goal of this series of experiments is to investigate the characteristics of acidic and basic solutions. Acids and bases qfiles the online library of knowledge. Chemistry 108 chapter 9 lecture notes acids, bases, and equilibrium 1 chapter 9 lecture notes.
Most familiar bases are ionic compounds that contain a hydroxide ion, such as sodium hydroxide naoh or potassium hydroxide koh. Given the equilibrium constant k eq for a reaction, predict whether the reactants or products are predominant. Metal oxides combine with water to produce bases, e. Chemistry notes chapters 20 and 21 acids and bases. Cox, 0191649341, 9780191649349, oxford university press, 20.
Split, merge, rotate, mix and extract pages from pdf files with pdfsam basic, free and open source, at home or at work. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. A free and open source software to merge, split, rotate and extract pages from pdf files. Bronsted lowry acid, lewis acid, acids in aqueous solution, relationship between kb and ka, muliprotic acids, equilibrium calculations, mass balance, equilibrium relationship, proton condition, weak acidbase calculations, strong acidbase calculations, strong acidstrong base mixtures, strong acidweak base mixtures. Water when it self ionizes forms a hydrogen ion acid and a hydroxide ion base. Acids and bases are important components in household products, industrial processes, and in environmental and biological systems. Cio 4 they are so weak that they cannot react with h 2o to form ohi they do not contribute any ohto a solution br for this reason, these top 5 on the right are not usually referred to as bases in aqueous. Relative rates for reaction between tbmqm and amino acids km1s1cys 3320 tyr 45.
Acrobat tutorials learn how to use adobe acrobat dc. Chemistry 12 notes on unit 4 acids, bases and salts chemistry 12 unit 4 notes page 2 any acid weak or strong could have high or low concentration. Ib acids and bases standard level teaching resources. Given a chemical equation, write the law of mass action. Jun 15, 2014 acids, bases and salts chemistry o level 1.
Chemistry 12 notes on unit 4 acids, bases and salts amphiprotic species ions or molecules are found on both sides of the table e. Acid proton donor lewis acid nonprotic acids chemists use pka values to discuss relative acidities of protic acids. To describe the arrhenius model for acids and bases to determine whether a given chemical substance is an arrhenius acid or an arrhenius base or neither to list one acid, and one base, whose behavior is not consistent. Arrhenius acids and bases are formed from a combination reaction of oxides and water. Download the free and open source pdfsam basic pdfsam. Ib chemistryacids and bases wikibooks, open books for. Acids and bases q files the online library of knowledge. Let us do some more activities to understand the chemical properties of acids and bases. Acids properties definition common acids reactions weak vs. Solvent effects on acidbase strength, 20, 160 pages, brian g. Chemistry unit 7 acids and bases slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.
Acids, bases, salts, and buffers stockton university. The table below summarizes some properties that will. Acids produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions 2. Hard and soft acids and bases hsab theory hard and soft acids and bases hsab theory is a qualitative concept introduced by ralph pearson to explain the stability of metal complexes and the mechanisms of their reactions. Acids, bases, and ph acid any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water when acids dissolve in water, they ionize, which means that they form ions. These fonts are sometimes called the base fourteen fonts. Swf files in the table below cannot be copied individually to your hard drive. Acids, bases and salts 19 which of these vanilla, onion and clove, can be used as olfactory indicators on the basis of your observations. Eleventh grade lesson introduction to acid base theory. Like it or not, sometimes it is just easier to commit really important stuff to memory. The table below summarizes some properties that will be helpful as we learn more about acids and bases. The tests on the solid and some of the observations are.
To wrap this lesson up i ask if any students have learned the names of the acids and bases. These bases accept protons from acids to form water. Hydrogen chloride donated a proton to ammonia to act as an acid. Lower simon fraser university contents 1 acids 2 1. Acid base chemistry notes pdf 10p this note covers the following topics. Salts formed by incomplete neutralization of poly acidic bases are called basic salts. Mov video files can be individually copied to your hard drive for use in powerpoint by rightclicking and saving. The portable document format pdf is a file format developed by adobe in the 1990s to. Many acids and bases are highly reactive chemicals. Lowry in great britain expanded the definition of acids and bases to include bases that do not contain ohions. A weak alkali has a bitter taste, such as the caffeine in coffee. Ranging from beginner to advanced, these tutorials provide basics, new features, plus tips and techniques. Fortunately they do interact, otherwise there would be no chemistry and, amongst the many consequences, we wouldnt be here to ask questions.
Different ways to access pdf files with firefox firefox help. Hard acids and bases are small, compact, and nonpolarizable. The polarizability of an acid or base plays a role in its reactivity. Application of hardsoft acidbase hsab theory to reactions. In more detail, the interaction is between the negatively charged electrons that surround the. Amphoteric substances are substances which can act as both an acid and a base. Introduction to acidbase chemistry a chem1 reference text stephen k. Chemistry 108 chapter 9 lecture notes acids, bases, and equilibrium 3 when an equilibrium constant has a value less than 1, the denominator related to reactant concentration of the equilibrium constant expression is greater than the numerator, which means that at equilibrium the reactants are favored more reactants than products. Algebraically we can take the log of both sides of the equation for kw to get the equation. Acids, alkalis and carbonates chemistry is the study of how atoms of the various different elements interact. Such salts still contain one or more hydroxyl groups. All acids contain hydrogen, but not all hydrogencontaining compounds are acids e.
Finish acid base phet computer simulation under chem notebook tab on mrs. However it is possible to quantify this concept based on klopmans fmo analysis using interactions between homo and lumo. Sodium hydroxide is a strong base because it is fully ionised in solution, but an ammonia solution. Perhaps the easiest way to start is to list some of the properties of acids and bases. Acids and bases read the passage and study the diagram.
We will explore the neutralization of an acid with a base, measure the ph of a variety of common substances, demonstrate. Soft acids and bases are larger, with a more diffuse distribution of electrons. This tutorial shows how to use novapdf to convert an xpsoxps file to a pdf document. Lecture 10 the strong acidstrong base equilibrium calculation.
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